{"id":1653,"date":"2023-07-23T12:58:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T12:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/?p=1653"},"modified":"2023-07-23T15:13:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T15:13:41","slug":"basic-css-concepts-a-beginners-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/07\/23\/basic-css-concepts-a-beginners-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic CSS Concepts: A Beginner&#8217;s Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you&#8217;ve ever wondered how web pages are made beautiful, dynamic, and visually appealing, the answer lies in <strong>Cascading Style Sheets<\/strong> (CSS). It is a fundamental web technology that allows developers to control the presentation and layout of HTML documents, making it an essential skill for anyone aspiring to become a web designer or front-end developer.  This post is part four of my &#8216;<a href=\"\/index.php\/getting-started-in-coding\/\">Getting Started In Coding<\/a>&#8216; series. It will walk you through some basic CSS concepts to get you started on your journey, but is not a tutorial. I do assume though that you would probably have read the preceding article on HTML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is CSS?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cascading Style Sheets<\/strong>, commonly known as CSS, is a stylesheet language which we use to define the visual presentation of web documents written in HTML. With CSS, you can control various aspects of a webpage&#8217;s appearance, such as colours, fonts, layout, spacing and even animations. The &#8220;cascading&#8221; part of its name refers to the hierarchical application of styles, allowing for easy maintenance and flexibility; you will learn more about that as you progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Use CSS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several ways to apply CSS to an HTML document:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Inline CSS<\/strong>: You can apply CSS directly to individual HTML elements using the <code>style<\/code> attribute. However, I would not recommend this method for larger projects; it mixes presentation with content and becomes harder to maintain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Internal CSS<\/strong>: Placing CSS code within the <code>&lt;style&gt;<\/code> tags in the <code>&lt;head&gt;<\/code> section of an HTML file allows you to apply styles to the entire page. This is useful for smaller projects or quick prototyping.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>External CSS<\/strong>: In this method, CSS code is written in a separate file with a <code>.css<\/code> extension and linked to the HTML document using the <code>&lt;link&gt;<\/code> element. This is the preferred and most efficient way of using CSS, especially for larger projects, as it promotes separation of concerns.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>In the following sections, we&#8217;ll cover some basic CSS concepts to help you build a strong foundation in web design; nothing too deep, just the essentials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selectors and Properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In CSS, <strong>selectors<\/strong> target specific HTML elements in a document, while <strong>properties<\/strong> define the desired visual appearance of those elements. Selectors can be html tags, classes, IDs, or even more complex patterns. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>\/* Selector: Targeting all paragraphs *\/\np {\n  \/* Property: Setting font size and color *\/\n  font-size: 16px;\n  color: #333333;\n}<\/code>\n\/* Selector: An ordered list within a specified element ID *\/\n#myDiv ol {\n  background-color: #fafafa;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Note that in the second example above, the targeted ID would be specified in the HTML document by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;div id=\"myDiv\"&gt;Some text&lt;\/div&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typography<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CSS allows you to control the typography of your web pages, including font family, size, weight, style, and spacing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>\/* Applying custom fonts and setting line height *\/\nbody {\n  font-family: \"Arial\", sans-serif;\n  font-size: 18px;\n  line-height: 1.6;\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Box Model<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>box model<\/strong> is a fundamental concept in CSS that represents an HTML element as a rectangular box with four layers: content, padding, border, and margin. Understanding the box model is crucial for creating layouts and spacing elements on a webpage. It can seem a bit complex when you first try to align multiple elements on a page, but stick with it; you&#8217;re going to need to know this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>\/* Creating a basic box container *\/<\/code>\n.box {\n  width: 200px;\n  height: 100px;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border: 2px solid #333;\n  margin: 30px;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flexbox<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Flexbox<\/strong> is a more recent powerful layout model that makes it easier to distribute elements within a container. It allows you to create responsive and flexible designs without relying heavily on floats or positioning; for the moment you will just need to know that this means it can save you quite a few headaches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>\/* Creating a basic flex container *\/\n.container {\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: center; \/* Horizontally centres items *\/\n  align-items: center; \/* Vertically centres items *\/\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CSS Grid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar to Flexbox, <strong>CSS Grid<\/strong> is a layout system that enables two-dimensional grid layouts. It offers more control over rows, columns, and their alignment, making it ideal for complex designs. Again, it is a more recent development that allows you to make customised layouts more easily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><code>\/* Creating a basic grid container *\/\n.container {\n  display: grid;\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; \/* Three equal columns *\/\n  grid-gap: 10px; \/* Spacing between grid items *\/\n}<\/code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learning Resources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ready to dive deeper into CSS? Here are some a couple of excellent online resources to expand your knowledge:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/CSS\"><strong>MDN Web Docs &#8211; CSS<\/strong>:<\/a> A comprehensive guide to CSS concepts with examples and references.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.freecodecamp.org\/\"><strong>freeCodeCamp<\/strong>:<\/a> A learning platform with interactive CSS tutorials and projects.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Summary:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>CSS is an essential skill for web designers and front-end developers. Understanding the basic CSS concepts, such as selectors, properties, the box model, Flexbox, and CSS Grid will empower you to create the visual impact and responsiveness you need in your web pages. So, roll up your sleeves, and get ready to practice and experiment with CSS. The world of web design is waiting for you to explore!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you&#8217;ve ever wondered how web pages are made beautiful, dynamic, and visually appealing, the answer lies in Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It is a fundamental web technology that allows developers to control the presentation and layout of HTML documents, making it an essential skill for anyone aspiring to become a web designer or front-end &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/07\/23\/basic-css-concepts-a-beginners-introduction\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Basic CSS Concepts: A Beginner&#8217;s Introduction&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technical"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic CSS Concepts: A Beginner&#039;s Introduction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are how web pages are made visually appealing; 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A Brief Introduction","author":"ajmajor866@gmail.com","date":"July 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"When you're starting off with HTML, you need to understand the basic structure of an HTML document (who'd have thought it!). It\u2019s really not that tricky once you have the basics sorted. This post is part three of my 'Getting Started In Coding' series. It will give you a few\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Technical&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Technical","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/category\/technical\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":632,"url":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/03\/31\/april-showers\/","url_meta":{"origin":1653,"position":1},"title":"April Showers","author":"ajmajor866@gmail.com","date":"March 31, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Vertical grey streaksFalling in sheets from the sky,Splashing on my shoes.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;the year in haiku&quot;","block_context":{"text":"the year in haiku","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/category\/the-year-in-haiku\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1448,"url":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/07\/07\/choosing-your-first-programming-language\/","url_meta":{"origin":1653,"position":2},"title":"How To Go About Choosing Your First Programming Language","author":"ajmajor866@gmail.com","date":"July 7, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"It may seem obvious that web development is the way to go if you want to learn coding. Certainly it is a hugely in-demand skill, but it is by no means the only path available. The safest course is to investigate the plethora of options in a bewildering array of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Technical&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Technical","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/category\/technical\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2347,"url":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2024\/09\/07\/control\/","url_meta":{"origin":1653,"position":3},"title":"Control","author":"ajmajor866@gmail.com","date":"September 7, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Smooth over the bumpsTry not to feel discomfortYour mind has control","rel":"","context":"In &quot;the year in haiku&quot;","block_context":{"text":"the year in haiku","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/category\/the-year-in-haiku\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2532,"url":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2025\/02\/21\/control-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":1653,"position":4},"title":"Control","author":"ajmajor866@gmail.com","date":"February 21, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Give no resistanceThings outside of your controlWill be what they are","rel":"","context":"In &quot;the year in haiku&quot;","block_context":{"text":"the year in haiku","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/category\/the-year-in-haiku\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":84,"url":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/2022\/11\/13\/a-lesson-in-selflessness\/","url_meta":{"origin":1653,"position":5},"title":"A Lesson in Selflessness","author":"ajmajor866@gmail.com","date":"November 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The main contributors to this paper put their names last; why would they have done that? In my first year of undergraduate studies, some years ago now, I had the good fortune to work on a laboratory project with a professor of theoretical physics called Nick Rivier, a modest but\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Main&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Main","link":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/category\/main\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Philosophical Magazine Article Extract, Chirality in Tetravalent Networks","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ajmajor.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Image.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ajmajor.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Image.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ajmajor.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Image.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ajmajor.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Image.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ajmajor.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Image.jpeg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1653"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1681,"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653\/revisions\/1681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ajmajor.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}